In an exclusive interview, we explore the lively atmosphere at the Port of Ningbo-Zhoushan, which remains abuzz with activity even during the National Day holiday. The scene is strikingly modern, featuring hydrogen-powered trucks and remotely operated cranes, showcasing the port’s commitment to efficiency. Massive ocean freight ships set sail from this key eastern port, destined for global destinations.

Reflecting on the transformation of Ningbo-Zhoushan Port, we trace its evolution over the past 75 years. Beginning as a modest facility with limited infrastructure and a cargo throughput of less than 40,000 tons, the port has undergone a remarkable expansion. Today, it comprises 19 operational zones and over 170 deep-water berths, each capable of handling vessels of 10,000 tons or more, distinguishing it as the only port in the world with an annual cargo throughput exceeding 1 billion tons. This growth parallels China’s own journey of opening up and development.

Looking back to the mid-20th century, Ningbo Port was primarily an inland river port constrained by its geographical location. Dredging challenges at the river mouth led to significant sediment buildup, which made it rare for ships over 500 tons to dock. During that era, cargo mainly consisted of essential goods like fertilizers and grains, with imports being quite limited.

A pivotal moment came in 1978 with the establishment of Ningbo’s first 10,000-ton coal terminal in the Zhenhai Port area. This development greatly enhanced the port’s capabilities, enabling it to transition from an inland river port and relieving some of the pressure on Shanghai Port while addressing local coal supply needs.

Ningbo Port officially opened to international trade on June 1, 1979. By 1987, the national government had approved the second phase of the Beilun Port project, which added multiple deep-water berths for containers and general cargo. By 1991, the port achieved a significant milestone by accommodating fourth-generation container ships, formally entering the arena of major international shipping routes.

The year 2001 marked a significant turning point when China joined the World Trade Organization, presenting both opportunities and challenges for the port. In 2002, the Ningbo Port Authority attempted to collaborate with the New York–New Jersey Port but faced rejection. However, this setback ignited a spirit of determination to enhance their standing and embrace a more competitive approach.

With the guidance of the “Eight-Eight Strategy,” Ningbo Port embarked on a “second entrepreneurship” in 2003, focusing on opening new routes and expanding its market reach. This strategic shift resulted in a remarkable increase in container traffic within just a few years. In an ironic twist, just five years after the rejection, port officials were recognized as “elder brothers” by their former counterparts in New York, as Ningbo’s container rankings had surpassed those of New York.

As reported in the “China Port Operation Analysis Report (2024),” Ningbo-Zhoushan Port has maintained its status as the world’s busiest port for 15 consecutive years and ranks third globally in container throughput.

With China’s pledge to high-level openness, the port has capitalized on unique historical growth opportunities. In 2004, significant management reforms led to the establishment of Ningbo Port Group Co., Ltd., marking another major shift in its administration. By 2006, the integrated name “Ningbo-Zhoushan Port” was officially adopted, fostering collaborative development.

The strategic integration of regional ports, including those in Jiaxing, Wenzhou, Taizhou, and Yiwu, has further consolidated Ningbo-Zhoushan’s position as a centerpiece in a broader coastal network. Today, the port offers a wide array of logistics options, including road, river, and intermodal transport, connecting over 600 ports in more than 200 countries.

As the port continues to flourish, its initiatives for becoming a “smart port” and “green port” are yielding significant advancements. Innovations such as paperless processes for container import and export, online transportation platforms, and remotely operated smart equipment have transformed operations. This modernization not only reduces labor intensity but also enhances efficiency.

Zhu Shijie, a national model worker with over 20 years of experience in container operations, stated, “In the past, crane operators had to climb high to work, regardless of the weather. Now, they can manage operations from the comfort of an office.”

Looking to the future, Ningbo-Zhoushan Port aims to establish itself as a world-class strong port by 2027, confidently navigating the waters of reform and progress.